THE PUNJAB MINOR CANALS ACT, 1905

(Punjab Act III of 1905)

C O N T E N T S

CHAPTER I

PRELIMINARY

Sections

         1.         Short title and local extent.

         2.         Operation of Act.

         3.         Definitions.

CHAPTER II

               CONSTRUCTION OF CANAL AND WATER-DUES

         4.         Prohibition against construction of canals without permission.

         5.         Application for permission and procedure thereon.

         6.         Power of Collector to construct canal from notified source of supply.

         7.         Power to prohibit the unauthorised construction of and to close unauthorised canal.

         8.         Water-dues.

CHAPTER III

PROVISIONS APPLICABLE TO

CANALS UNDER SCHEDULE I

         9.         This Chapter applicable only to canals under Schedule I.

       10.         General powers of Collector.

       11.         Power of Provincial Government to suspend or extinguish rights in or over any scheduled canal on payment of compensation.

       12.         Power to enter and survey, etc. Power to clear land. Power to inspect and regulate water supply.

                     Notice of intended entry into houses.

                     Compensation for damage caused by entry.

       13.         Power to enter for repairs and to prevent accidents.

                     Compensation for damage to land.

       14.         Power to occupy land adjacent to canal for depositing soil from canal and to excavate earth for repairs to the banks and compensation for damage.

       15.         Supply of water through intervening water-course.

       16.         Application for construction of new water-course.

       17.         Procedure of Collector thereupon.

       18.         Application for transfer of existing water-course.

                     Procedure thereupon.

       19.         Inquiry into, and determination of, objections to  construction or transfer of water-course.

       20.         Expenses to be paid by applicant for construction or transfer of water-course before receiving occupation.

                     Procedure in fixing compensation.

                     Recovery of compensation and expenses.

       21.         Conditions binding on applicant placed in occupation.

       22.         Construction of outlets from canals by Collector.

       23.         Power to convert several water-courses running for a long distance side by side into one water-course.

       24.         Procedure applicable to occupation for extensions and alterations.

       25.         Costs of executing works under section 22 or section 23, by whom payable.

       26.         Power of Provincial Government to direct supply of labour by irrigators.

       27.         Powers of Collector upon issue of notification under section 26.

       28.         Power to prepare record for canal.

       29.         Levy of water rates.

       30.         Liability when person using unauthorisedly cannot be identified.

       31.         Liability when water runs to waste.

       32.         Charges recoverable in addition to penalties.

CHAPTER IV

PROVISIONS APPLICABLE TO CANALS

INCLUDED UNDER SCHEDULE II

       33.         This chapter applicable only to canals under Schedule II.

       34.         Power of the Collector in certain cases, to declare or appoint a manager of a canal.

       35.         Power of Provincial Government to apply the provisions of section 28 to any canal.

       36.         Power to assume control or management, or both, of a canal.

       37.         Right of owner, upon such assumption, to demand that the canal shall be acquired by the Government.

       38.         Power to acquire canal on demand of the owner.

       39.         Power to fix the limits of irrigation and water-rates and to regulate the distribution of water.

       40.         Collection in certain cases, of water-rates of a canal by the Provincial Government.

CHAPTER V

               PROVISIONS APPLICABLE TO ALL CANALS

       41.         This Chapter applicable to all canals.

       42.         Consent or decision of the owner how to be determined.

       43.         Settlement of disputes.

       44.         Acquisition of land for canals.

       45.         Power to acquire canal by consent or otherwise.

       46.         Notice as to claims for compensation.

       47.         Inquiry into claims.

                     Limitation of claims.

       48.         Vesting of canal in the Provincial Government.

       49.         Power to regulate flow of water in rivers, creeks, natural channels or lines of natural drainage and to prohibit therein or order removal therefrom of obstructions.

       50.         Power to remove obstruction after publication of notification, and payment of compensation.

       51.         Power of the Collector to regulate flow of water and prohibit or remove obstructions.

       52.         Power as to the construction and maintenance of works in respect of canals under Schedule II.

       53.         Power as to construction and maintenance of works in respect of canals under Schedule I.

       54.         Power to take possession and to construct works in cases of emergency.

       55.         Assessment of compensation.

       56.         Compensation for right of user or in the form of a supply of water.

       57.         Apportionment and recovery of the cost of land acquired or works executed.

       58.         Power to regulate mills.

       59.         Application of sections 13 to 16 of Land Revenue Act, 1887.

       60.         Exclusion of jurisdiction of Civil Court except under Land Acquisition Act.

       61.         Power to appoint officers to exercise functions under this Act.

       62.         Powers of Collector in certain proceeding under the Act.

       63.         Permission to owners and parties interested in any canal to object in certain cases.

       64.         Mode of serving notices and making proclamations.

       65.         Bar of compensation where not expressly allowed.

       66.         Protection of persons acting under the Act.

       67.         Province of West Pakistan to be party to certain suits and proceedings.

                     Bar of other suits against State.

       68.         Power to recover water-dues, water-rates and other charges by revenue process.

       69.         Powers as regards canals, creeks situate partly without the limits of the Punjab.

       70.         Powers exercisable in cases of urgency with regard to canals situate beyond the Punjab.

       71.         Offences under the Act.

       72.         Power to arrest without a warrant.

       73.         Definition of 'canal' for purposes of sections 71 and 72.

       74.         Power to make rules.

SCHEDULE I

SCHEDULE II

 

[1]THE PUNJAB MINOR CANALS ACT, 1905

[2](Punjab Act III of 1905)

[1 June 1905]

An Act to make better provision for the control and management of minor canals in [3][certain areas of West Pakistan]

      WHEREAS it is desirable to make better provision for the exercise of control over and for the regulation of the management of certain minor canals in [4][certain areas of West Pakistan];

      It is hereby enacted as follows:-

CHAPTER I

PRELIMINARY

1.   Short title and local extent.— (1) This Act may be called the Punjab Minor Canals Act of 1905.

      [5][(2)    It extends to the Divisions of Rawalpindi, Sargodha, Lahore, Multan, Quetta and Kalat except the Tribal Areas].

2.   Operation of Act.— (1) The provisions of this Act shall apply to the extent and in the manner hereinafter provided to every canal specified in either Schedule I or Schedule II as the case may be.

      (2)   At any time after the commencement of this Act, the [6][Provincial Government] may, from time to time by notification—

              (a)   include any canal under either Schedule I or Schedule II, as the case may be, or transfer a canal from one Schedule to the other Schedule, and thereupon the provisions of this Act applicable to canals included under such Schedule, or such of the said provisions as the [7][Provincial Government] may direct, shall apply to such canal; or

              (b)   exclude from the operation of this Act any canal which now is, or hereafter may be, included under either Schedule I or Schedule II:

      Provided that no canal shall be included under Schedule 1, unless—

      (a)   it is owned in whole or in part by [8][Provincial Government] or

      (b)   is, at the commencement of this Act, managed by [9][Servants of the State] or by any local authority, or

      (c)   is situate partly within and partly without the territories to which this Act extends, or

      (d)   has been included under Schedule II and is transferred to Schedule I [10][by direction of the Provincial Government].

      (3)   The [11][* * *] Canal and Drainage Act, 1873[12], shall not apply to any canal which is for the time being included under either Schedule I or Schedule II.

3.   Definitions.— In this Act, unless there is something repugnant in subject or context—

            (i)   “Record-of-Rights” and “Revenue Officer” have the meanings assigned to them respectively in the [13]Punjab Land Revenue Act, 1887;

           (ii)   “Canal” means any canal, natural or artificial channel or line of natural drainage or any reservoir, dam or embankment constructed, maintained or controlled for the supply or storage of water or the protection of land from flood or sand, and includes [14][any portion of a canal or] any water-course or subsidiary works as defined in this section;

          (iii)   “Collector” means the head revenue-officer of a district, and includes any officer appointed under this Act to exercise all or any of the powers of a Collector;

          (iv)   “Commissioner” means a Commissioner of a Division and includes any officer appointed under this Act to exercise all or any of the powers of a Commissioner;

           (v)   “Construction” and “construct” include any alteration which would materially extend the area irrigable by a canal or any other alteration of material importance or the renewal of a canal after disuse for six years, but do not include the re-excavation of a canal-head which has been temporarily abandoned owing to a change in the river, the excavation of a new head necessitated by a change in the river or a change of water-courses to render existing irrigation more efficient;

          (vi)   “Creek” means any channel of a river other than the main channel through which the water of the river would, unless obstructed by deposit of silt, naturally flow at some period of the year;

         (vii)   “District” means a district as fixed for revenue purposes;

         (viii)   “Irrigator” means in respect of any land which is irrigated from a canal any person for the time being directly deriving benefit by such irrigation, and includes a land-owner or occupancy tenant of such land;

          (ix)   “Labour” includes labourers, cattle and appliances necessary for the execution of the work for which labour is to be supplied;

           (x)   “Mill” means any contrivance whereby the water power of any canal is used for grinding, sawing or pressing, or for driving or working machinery or for any other similar purpose, and includes all subsidiary works and structures connected with any such contrivance except the canal itself;

          (xi)   “Subsidiary works” means all works required for the control or maintenance of the supply to a canal or for the maintenance of a canal in proper condition or for the regulating of the irrigation therefrom or for the prevention of floods or for the provision of proper drainage, in connection with such irrigation, and includes also the land required for such works;

         (xii)   “Water-course” means any channel which is supplied with water from a canal and which is maintained at the cost of the irrigators, and includes all subsidiary works connected with such channel except the sluice or outlet through which water is supplied to such channel;

         (xiii)   “Water-due” means whatever is payable to Government in cash or kind by the owner of a canal for the diversion by such owner for the purposes of such canal or the water of any river, creek or stream flowing in a natural channel or of any lake or other natural collection of water;

        (xiv)   “Water-rate” means the charge made for canal water, other than a water-due or canal advantage land-revenue rate.

CHAPTER II

CONSTRUCTION OF CANALS AND WATER-DUES

4.   Prohibition against construction of canals without permission.— When the [15][Provincial Government] has notified in this behalf any natural channel, lake or other collection of water, no person shall, without permission previously obtained in the manner prescribed in the section next following, construct a canal intended to be fed from any such channel, lake or other collection of water:

      Provided that nothing in this section shall apply to the construction of a water-course from an existing canal.

5.   Application for permission and procedure thereon.— (1) Any person desiring to construct a canal intended to be fed from any source of supply which has been notified by the [16][Provincial Government] under section 4, may apply, in writing, to the Collector, for the permission prescribed in that section.

      (2)  Every application under sub-section (1) shall be in such form and shall contain such particulars as the [17][Provincial Government] may prescribe in that behalf.

6.   Power of Collector to construct canal from notified source of supply.— (1) When a source of supply has been notified by the [18][Provincial Government] under section 4 and the Collector considers that the construction of a canal to be fed therefrom will be advantageous, he shall give notice by general proclamation to all persons interested of his intention to construct such canal.

      (2)  If no objection to the construction of such canal shall have been preferred within a period to be specified in the notice under sub-section (1), or if any such objection has been preferred within the said period, but has been finally over ruled, the Collector may proceed to construct such canal.

      (3)  The provisions of sections 50 and 63 shall apply to all proceedings of the Collector under sub-section (1) of this section and under the preceding section, and the powers conferred upon the Collector by this and the preceding section shall be exercised subject to such sanction as the [19][Provincial Government] may prescribe and in accordance with the rules made by such Government.

7.   Power to prohibit the unauthorised construction of and to close unauthorised canal.— (1) If any person, without the permission necessary under sections 4 and 5 of this Act, or contrary to any of the conditions of such permission, commences to construct or proceeds with the construction of any canal, the Collector may, at any time, by order in writing, prohibit such person, and by general proclamation, all other persons, from continuing the construction thereof:

      Provided that, unless in the case of construction which would materially extend the area irrigable by canal, no such order or proclamation, as the case may be, shall be made or issued in respect of any canal which, at the time when it is proposed to make or issue such order or proclamation, has been used for irrigation for a period of three years without interruption other than such as was due to natural causes beyond the control of the person aforesaid.

      (2)  If any person shall, at any time after the commencement of this Act, construct a canal without the permission necessary under sections 4 and 5 of this Act, the Collector may, with the previous sanction of the [20][Provincial Government], close it and shut off the supply of water thereto, and, may further, by order in writing, prohibit such person, and by general proclamation, all other persons, from maintaining, repairing or renewing such canal or continuing to use the water thereof.

8.   Water-dues.— (1) Subject to the conditions, if any, imposed or agreed to by the [21][Provincial Government], such Government may assess and levy water-dues in respect of—

         (i)   canals made after the commencement of this Act;

        (ii)   canals made before the commencement of this Act—

               (a)   when the right to, or question of, water-dues has been expressly reserved by such Government, or

               (b)   when the conditions upon which the owner of the canal has been allowed to use the water have been agreed on for a term and that term has expired, or

               (c)   when such water-dues were already levied at the commencement of this Act.

      (2)   The demand on account of water-dues shall be assessed for a term of years, and shall be limited to an amount not exceeding one-quarter of the net profits which are likely to accrue to the owner of the canal during that term.

CHAPTER III

PROVISIONS APPLICABLE TO

CANALS UNDER SCHEDULE I

9.   This Chapter applicable only to canals under Schedule I.— Except as the [22][Provincial Government] may otherwise direct under section 69, the provisions of this Chapter shall apply only to canals for the time being included under Schedule I.

10.    General powers of Collector.— (1) Notwithstanding the existence of any rights in or over a canal or water-course, the Collector may—

         (a)   exercise all powers of control, management and direction for the efficient maintenance and working of such canal or for the due distribution of the water thereof; and

         (b)   whenever and so long as any water-course, sluice or outlet is not maintained in proper customary repair, or any water-course, sluice or outlet through which water is supplied to any person, or, in the case of a sluice or outlet, to any water-course or any person, is subjected to wilful damage or wrongful enlargement, stop the supply of water to such water-course, sluice or outlet or to any person.

      (2)   No claim shall be enforceable against the [23][Provincial Government] for compensation in respect of loss caused by any order passed under sub-section (1), but any person suffering loss by reason of any order passed under sub-section (1) (a) may claim such remission of the ordinary charges payable for the use of the water as is authorised by the [24][Provincial Government]:

      Provided that if any right to water entered in a record of rights prepared or revised under section 28 (1) or deemed under section 28(3) to have been made under this Act or admitted in any agreement between the [25][Provincial Government] and any person is substantially diminished in consequence of action taken under sub-section (1) (a) the Collector shall award compensation under section 55 to such person in respect of the diminition of his right.

      (3)   No right to the use of the water of canal shall be, or be deemed to have been, acquired under the [26]Indian Limitation Act, 1887, nor shall the [27][Provincial Government] be bound to supply any person with water.

11.    Power of Provincial Government to suspend or extinguish rights in or over any scheduled canal on payment of compensation.— (1) The [28][Provincial Government] may at any time suspend or extinguish any right to which any person is entitled in or over any canal if the exercise of such right is prejudicial to the interests of other irrigators or to the good management, improvement or extension of the canal.

      (2)   In every such case the [29][Provincial Government] shall cause to be paid to the person whose right is suspended or extinguished, compensation to be assessed by the Collector under section 55. In assessing compensation for the purposes of this section, the Collector shall also have regard to the character of the right, the period during which it has been enjoyed and the damage likely to be occasioned by its suspension or extinction.

12.    Power to enter and survey, etc. Power to clear land. Power to inspect and regulate water supply.— The Collector or other person acting under the general or special orders of the Collector may enter upon any land adjacent to any canal, or through which any canal is proposed to be made, and undertake surveys or levels thereon; and dig and bore into the sub-soil;

and make and set-up suitable land-marks, level-marks and water- gauges;

and do all other acts necessary for the proper prosecution of any inquiry relating to any existing or projected canal under the charge of the said Collector;

and where otherwise such inquiry cannot be completed, the Collector or such other person may cut down and clear away any part of any standing crop, fence or jungle;

and may also enter upon any land, building or water-course on account of which any water-rate is chargeable, for the purpose of inspecting or regulating the use of the water supplied, or measuring the land irrigated thereby or chargeable with a water-rate, and of doing all things necessary for the proper regulation and management of such canal:

      Notice of intended entry into houses.—Provided that, if such Collector or person proposes to enter into any building or enclosed court or garden attached to a dwelling house not supplied with water flowing from any canal, he shall previously give the occupier of such building, court or garden at least seven days’ notice in writing of his intention to do so.

      Compensation for damage caused by entry.—In every case of entry under this section, the Collector shall, upon application made to him in this behalf, assess and pay compensation for any damage which may be occasioned by any proceeding under this section.

13.    Power to enter for repairs and to prevent accidents.— In case of any accident happening or being apprehended to a canal, the Collector or any person acting under his general or special orders in this behalf may enter upon any lands adjacent to such canal, and may execute all works which may be necessary for the purpose of repairing or preventing such accident.

      Compensation for damage to land.— In every such case, the Collector shall, upon application made to him in this behalf, assess and pay compensation under section 55, for any damage which may be occasioned by any proceeding under this section.

14.    Power to occupy land adjacent to canal for depositing soil from canal and to excavate earth for repairs to the banks and compensation for damage.— (1) The Collector or any person acting under his general or special orders in this behalf may, within such distance from the canal as the [30][Provincial Government] may by rule determine, occupy land adjacent to any canal for the purpose of—

         (a)   depositing upon it soil excavated from the canal, or

         (b)   excavating from it earth for repairs to the canal.

      The Collector shall, upon application made to him in this behalf, assess and pay compensation for any damage which may be occasioned by any proceeding under this section.

      (2)   The owner of any land which has been occupied after the commencement of this Act for any purpose under sub-section (1) and has remained in such occupation for a period exceeding three years may require that such land shall be permanently acquired in accordance with the provision of section 44.

15.    Supply of water through intervening water-course.— Whenever application is made to a Collector for a supply of water from a canal, and it appears to him expedient that such supply should be given, and that it should be conveyed through some existing water-course, he shall give notice to the persons responsible for the maintenance of such water-course to show cause, on a day not less than fourteen days from the date of such notice, why the said supply should not be so conveyed; and after making inquiry on such day, the Collector shall determine whether and on what conditions the said supply shall be conveyed through such water-course.

      The applicant shall not be entitled to use such water-course until he has paid the expense of any alteration of such water-course necessary in order to his being supplied through it, and also such share of the first cost of such water-course as the Collector may determine.

      Such applicant shall also be liable for his share of the cost of maintenance of such water-course so long as he uses it.

16.    Application for construction of new water-course.— Any person desiring the construction of a new water-course may apply in writing to the Collector, stating—

            (i)   that he has endeavoured unsuccessfully to acquire from the owners of the land through which he desires such water-course to pass, a right to occupy so much of the land as will be needed for such water-course;

           (ii)   that he desires the Collector, in his behalf and at his cost, to do all things necessary for acquiring such right;

          (iii)   that he is able to defray all costs involved in acquiring such right and constructing such water-course.

17.    Procedure of Collector thereupon.— If the Collector considers—

            (i)   that the construction of such water-course is expedient, and

           (ii)   that the statements in the application are true;

he shall call upon the applicant to make such deposit as the Collector considers necessary to defray the cost of the preliminary proceedings, and the amount of any compensation which he considers likely to become due under section 20;

and, upon such deposit being made, he shall cause enquiry to be made into the most suitable alignment for the said water-course, and shall mark out the land which, in his opinion, it will be necessary to occupy for the construction thereof, and shall forthwith publish a notice in every village through which the water-course is proposed to be taken, that so much of such land as belongs to such village, has been so marked out.

18.    Application for transfer of existing water-course.— Any person desiring that an existing water-course should be transferred from it's present owner to himself, may apply in writing to the Collector stating—

            (i)   that he has endeavoured unsuccessfully to procure such transfer from the owner of such water-course;

           (ii)   that he desires the Collector, in his behalf, and at his cost, to do all the things necessary for procuring such transfer;

          (iii)   that he is able to defray the cost of such transfer.

      Procedure thereupon.— If the Collector considers—

      (a)   that the said transfer is necessary for the better management of the irrigation from such water-course, and

      (b)   that the statements in the application are true,

he shall call upon the applicant to make such deposit as the Collector considers necessary to defray the cost of the preliminary proceedings, and the amount of any compensation that may become due under the provisions of section 20 in respect of such transfer,

and, upon such deposit being made, he shall publish notice of the application in every village affected.

19.    Inquiry into, and determination of, objections to construction or transfer of water-course.— (1) When within thirty days from the publication of a notice under section 17 or section 18, as the case may be, any person, interested in the land or water-course to which the notice refers, applies to the Collector as aforesaid, stating his objection to the construction or transfer for which application has been made, the Collector shall give notice to the other persons interested that, on a day to be named in such notice or any subsequent day to which the proceedings may be adjourned he will proceed to inquire into the matter in dispute or into the validity of such objections as the case may be.

      (2)   Upon the day so named or any such subsequent day as aforesaid, the collector shall proceed to hear and determine the dispute or the objection as the case may be.

20.    Expenses to be paid by applicant for construction or transfer of water-course before receiving occupation.— No applicant under section 16 or section 18, as the case may be, shall be placed in occupation of such land or water-course until he has paid to the person named by the Collector such amount as the Collector determines to be due as compensation for the land or water-course so occupied or transferred, and for any damage caused by the marking out or occupation of such land, together with all expenses incidental to such occupation or transfer.

      Procedure in fixing compensation.— Compensation to be made under this section shall be assessed as provided in section 55, but the Collector may, if the person to be compensated so desires, award such compensation in the form of a rent-charge payable in respect of the land or water-course occupied or transferred.

      Recovery of compensation and expenses.— If such compensation and expenses are not paid when demanded by the person entitled to receive the same, the amount may be recovered by the Collector, and shall, when recovered, be paid by him to the person entitled to receive the same.

21.    Conditions binding on applicant placed in occupation.— (1) When any such applicant has duly complied with the conditions laid down in section 20, he shall be placed in occupation of the land or water-course as aforesaid, and the following rules and conditions shall be thereafter binding on him and his representative in interest:-

      (a)   In all cases,

              First      All works necessary for the passage across such water-course or water-courses existing previous to its construction and of the drainage intercepted by it, and for affording proper communications across it for the convenience of the neighbouring lands, shall be constructed by the applicant, and be maintained by him or his representative in interest to the satisfaction of the Collector.

              Second—   Land occupied for a water-course under the provisions of section 17 shall be used only for the purposes of such water-course.

              Third     The proposed water-course shall be completed to the satisfaction of the Collector within one year after the applicant is placed in occupation of the land.

      (b)   In cases in which land is occupied or a water-course is transferred, on the terms of a rent-charge.

              Fourth—   The applicant or his representative in interest shall, so long as he occupies such land or water-course, pay rent for the same at such rate and on such days as are determined by the Collector when the applicant is placed in occupation.

              Fifth—       If the right to occupy the land ceases owing to a breach of any of these rules, the liability to pay the said rents shall continue until the applicant or his representative in interest has restored the land to its original condition, or until he has paid, by way of compensation for any injury done to the said land, such amount and to such person as the Collector determines.

              Sixth—      The Collector may, on the application of the person entitled to receive such rent or compensation, determine the amount of rent due or assess the amount of such compensation; and if any such rent or compensation be not paid by the applicant or his representative in interest, the Collector may recover the amount, with interest thereon at the rate of six per cent per annum from the date on which it became due, and shall pay the same, when recovered, to the person to whom it is due.

      (2)   If any of the rules and conditions prescribed by this section are not complied with, or if any water-course constructed or transferred under this Act is disused for three years continuously, the right of the applicant, or of his representative in interest, to occupy such land or water-course shall cease absolutely.

22.    Construction of outlets from canals by Collector.— The Collector may construct or repair or alter a sluice or outlet to regulate the supply of water from a canal to any water-course.

23.    Power to convert several water-courses running for a long distance side by side into one water-course.— (1) In cases where there are water-courses running side by side or so situated as to interfere with the economical use or proper management of the water-supply, the Collector, if applied to for that purpose, or on his own motion may require the owners to make arrangements to his satisfaction to unite the water-courses or to substitute for them such system as may have been approved by him.

      (2)   If the owners fail within such time as the Collector may fix to comply with any order passed by him under sub-section (1) the Collector may himself execute the work.

      (3)   Whenever a water-course has been reconstructed or a new system substituted under sub-section (1) or sub-section (2), the Collector may fix the shares in which the water shall be enjoyed by the persons entitled to use the water-course.

24.    Procedure applicable to occupation for extensions and alterations.— The procedure hereinbefore provided for the occupation of land, for the construction of a water-course shall be applicable to the occupation of land for any extension or alteration of a water-course and for the deposit of soil from water-course clearances.

25.    Costs of executing works under section 22 or section 23, by whom payable.— In every case under section 22 or section 23, the cost of executing or completing the work shall be payable by such person or persons deriving benefit from the water-course as the Collector may in each case determine.

26.    Power of Provincial Government to direct supply of labour by irrigators.— The [31][Provincial Government] may, by notification, direct that the irrigators from any canal or any two or more adjacent canals shall be bound to furnish labour free of cost to Government for the purpose of effecting the annual silt clearance of such canal or canals or of maintaining such canal or canals, in a state of efficiency or of executing any work necessary thereto, in either of the following cases namely:-

         (a)   whenever such irrigators are bound, by a condition entered in the record-of-rights of such canal or canals or of the estates supplied with water therefrom or by established custom, to furnish such labour, or

         (b)   whenever the land-owners who are responsible for the payment of more than half the land-revenue assessed on the land irrigated from such canal, or canals, agree to undertake to supply such labour.

27.    Powers of Collector upon issue of notification under section 26.— Upon the issue of a notification under section 26 the Collector may, from time to time, by general or special order,—

         (a)   determine the amount of labour to be provided or the amount of work to be performed by each irrigator;

         (b)   regulate the attendance, distribution and control of the labourers provided or the manner of the performance of the work;

         (c)   assess and recover the cost of such labour from any person who fails to comply with an order passed under this section; and

         (d)   fund all costs so recovered and expend them on the provision of hired labour for any of the canals to which the notification applies, or subject to the provisions, if any, of a record of rights specified, in section 26 or section 28, on any other purpose connected with the well-being thereof:

      Provided that the costs assessed as aforesaid shall not exceed <